As rocks and minerals interact with their surroundings, they gradually dissolve and wear away. Water, air, and living organisms all contribute to that breakdown, and the dissolved material eventually ...

Even as temperatures rise on Earth’s surface and in the lower atmosphere, the planet’s upper atmosphere has cooled dramatically. This paradoxical pattern is a well-known sign of humanity’s climate ...

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has fluctuated markedly over geological time, exerting a primary control on Earth’s long-term climate. Variations in pCO2 arise from a balance between volcanic ...

The message is clear: cut emissions fast, and protect and restore nature to keep these vital carbon sinks intact. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels in the atmosphere have soared to new highs in 2024, ...

The primordial atmosphere, water vapor, and the first rainImmediately after the Earth was born, there were no blue seas, ...

Our planet has experienced dramatic climate shifts throughout its history, oscillating between freezing “icehouse” periods and warm “greenhouse” states. Scientists have long linked these climate ...

The average level of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere had its largest one-year increase on record between 2023 and 2024. In 2024, the level reached 423.9 parts per million, an increase of 3.5 ...

A technology originally developed to help humans use local resources on Mars is now being used on Earth to recover carbon ...

Sources, pathways and their interconnectedness for MPs transport. Concept adapted from Environmental Health Program, 2023. Microplastics Sources, Pathways and Fate Conceptual Diagram. Redrawn by the ...